RedHat 常用配置

最近在搭建RHEL服务器，有一些命令与ubuntu有区别，记录备忘。

1. 软件源配置

yum安装 (针对RHEL5，使用CentOS yum源)

1.1 yum 重新安装

rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e –nodeps  #卸载自带的yum

下载yum必备的四个文件，注意先uname -i 查看系统是32位还是64位

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/python-iniparse-0.2.3-4.el5.noarch.rpm

wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-3.2.22-39.el5.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm

32 bit:

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm

64 bit:

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm

安装顺序：

1. 安装python环境 rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.2.3-4.el5.noarch.rpm

2. 安装所有的yum包：

(64bit) rpm -ivh yum-3.2.22-39.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-21.el5.centos.noarch.rpm

(32bit) rpm -ivh yum-3.2.22-39.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-21.el5.centos.noarch.rpm

注意，如果位数版本不对，会出现ELF错误问题。参考 http://phped.sinaapp.com/?p=31

实验一下yum命令，此时可能出现无法导入yum python module的问题，

具体情况如下：

There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

   /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/_sqlitecache.so: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32

Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.4.3 (#1, Jun 11 2009, 14:09:37)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-44)]

观察应该是Python解析器的问题，可以修改 /usr/bin/yum 的头部，将#!/usr/bin/python 改成 #!/usr/bin/python2.4  （参考 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-400120-325780.html yum更新常见问题 http://hi.baidu.com/software_one/item/4a3c14e3f9485fb22f140bfa）

yum 软件源设置：

1. 修改 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

教育网 yum源可以使用中科大或上海交大的，使用的时候务必到mirror网站看一下目录的位置，因为有可能有变化，上海交大的最新源如下：

CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-5 – Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&
repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 – Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 – Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 – Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 – Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#contrib – packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 – Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

–end–

接下来导入密钥

64位：
rpm –import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

32位：
rpm –import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

最后 yum update

提示 更新yum源后，建议更新一下，使操作立即生效 yum makecache

相关资源：

科大centos主页：http://centos.ustc.edu.cn

上海交大CentOS: http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/

http://louishan.com/articles/centos-cernet-yum-sources.html

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23733724-id-290979.html

http://cicku.me/mirrors-mainland-china/

http://www.linuxidc.com/linux/2010-12/30554.htm

yum安装命令

http://blog.csdn.net/jinhill/article/details/7587840

2. 常用命令

查看系统: uname -i

3.常用软件安装

3.1 git yum install git

3.2 Django + Apache + Mysql + mod 环境安装

http://library.linode.com/frameworks/django-apache-mod-python/centos-5

http://momotor.iteye.com/blog/1576571

http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0322/18/6938655_196712249.shtml

http://www.adintr.com/article/blog/183

http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-9315-1-1.html

http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-9315-1-1.html

4. 常见问题

4.1 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6b8d79e6

解决方法： install 时，后面加入–nogpgcheck 参数